The Child That Lives From Within - 1681 Words

Jazmine Feijo—0884046 Professor Dr. Don Moore Reading and Writing Effectively AHSS 1210 21 November 2014 The Child that Lives from Within Introduction The social sciences often question if psychopathic behaviour is innate or a product of a social environment. Recently, nurture-based theories has gained credibility in understanding how a child’s upbringings can trigger psychopathic behaviour. In the movie Psycho by Alfred Hitchcock, Norman Bates’ downfall proposes how crucial a healthy childhood is to mental health rather than biological vulnerability. Contrary to nature-focused beliefs, not all human behaviour comes from an individual’s genetic makeup, but rather through experiences that become ingrained in the mind like scripture (Cooke†¦show more content†¦The Effect of Childhood on Adulthood Those who argue that humans are born with a preconceived mind structure fail to realize that psychological well-being also relies on healthy early relationships (Marshall and Cooke 213). In Psycho, viewers are able to see the effect of Norman’s childhood and how a healthy upbringing is important even in today’s world. In light of Freudian’s theory termed the Oedipus complex, Norman emulates the mythological king Oedipus: a young boy who is attracted to his mother and resorts to killing his parents out of jealousy (â€Å"Hitchcock Psychoanalysis†, pars. 10). Bates’ infatuation makes him unable to discern where to put his sexual feelings towards his mother. Freud suggests that most children are able to relocate their intimate emotions onto different people and things (Ponce, pars. 4). Although those who cannot experience â€Å"hysterical amnesia which is the repression of infantile sexuality† (Ponce, pars. 4). In this case, biological determin ism (an explanation that psychotic behaviour is an innate deficit) is irrelevant since it is clear that repressed feelings fuel psychotic tendencies. Although some argue that there is â€Å"evidence to support a neurobiological basis of psychopathy† (LaBrode 153), this is not always the case—especially with Norman. At the end of the film the psychiatrist explains that it was only after the death of Normans father’s that Norman began to act bizarrely. Thus, Norman represents real

Greek And Roman Influence On Western Culture - 1063 Words

Greek and Roman Contribution To Western Culture Greek and Roman culture are the most often thought of in history, and that is due to the many contributions it had to the future. Greeks were very philosophical and were constantly questioning morality. The Classical age of the Greeks, 479-323 B.C.E., is mentioned in reference to tragedies. During this age, Greeks were exploring their minds and searching for deeper understandings. They were also infatuated with fate and the effects of trying to modify one’s fate. Another period involving Greek culture was the Hellenistic age. This is the time period when the Library of Alexandria is sprouted. The Hellenistic age had a â€Å"Greek-like† culture, in this context means that people were still curious about the world, but the focus shifted from philosophically to scientifically. The Roman Empire was a monarchy until 509 B.C.E. when it was overthrown and turned into a Republic. Overtime, the Republic grew weaker and weaker with violence and corruption and finally crashed with the assassination of Julius Caesar. Julius Caesar was a key ruler for Rome and during his lifetime became dictator for life. Scared of the concentration of power, the Senate assassinated him. Four contributions from the Greeks and Romans to Western culture include the structure of the Roman Republic, the creation of libraries, the establishment of public news, and the birth of tragedies. The Roman Republic, lasting from 509 B.C.E. - 27 B.C.E., may be the mostShow MoreRelated Roman and Greek Philosophys Influence on Todays Western Culture780 Words   |  4 Pages Advances in Art, science and politics were made in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea. Greek philosophers were among the first in the West to explore nature in a rational way and to make educated guesses about the creation of the world and the universe. 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Succubus Dreams CHAPTER 11 Free Essays

string(72) " want to be a real estate mongrel when I grow up,† she explained\." Simon hadn’t had a lot to give me, but just like every other time I’d gotten an energy fix recently, I had the dream. It played out the same as always, starting with the dishes, going all the way up to when my dream-self looked into the living room to smile at the little girl. After a few more moments, my dream-self returned to her dishes. We will write a custom essay sample on Succubus Dreams CHAPTER 11 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Silently, I screamed at her to look back. I couldn’t get enough of the girl. I wanted to drink her in. I could have watched her forever, taking in those long-lashed eyes and wispy curls. Then, as though she could hear me, my dream-self glanced back into the other room. The girl was gone. My dream-self jerked her hands out of the water, just in time to hear a thump and a crash. The sound of crying followed, and then I woke up. It was late morning, and my energy was gone. That honestly didn’t surprise me anymore. Coupled with that loss, however, was a new sensation. I felt cold, chilled to the bone. My skin also felt wet, like I’d been submerged in water. When I ran my fingers over my arm, it was perfectly dry. Nonetheless, I put on the heaviest sweater I could find, and eventually the chill abated. Work was busy and not particularly eventful until the end, when Maddie casually reminded me about us hanging out afterward. I nearly walked into a display when she said that. In my haste yesterday, I’d gone ahead and made plans with both Maddie and Seth for after work. I had a tendency to do that kind of thing when I was stressed. I felt so popular. And, as I often did in this kind of situation, I solved it by combining both of my mistakes into one solution. â€Å"Maddie wanted to hang out tonight,† I told Seth. â€Å"I think she’s lonely. Mind if I bring her in for the babysitting thing?† â€Å"Sure,† he said, not looking up from his laptop. â€Å"Seth wanted help babysitting tonight,† I told Maddie. â€Å"Do you mind if we sort of make that our evening activity?† Maddie gave the proposition a bit more thought than Seth had. She didn’t look upset so much as puzzled. â€Å"I haven’t really been around many kids. It’s not that I don’t like them†¦just that it’s always kind of weird.† â€Å"His nieces are great,† I assured her. â€Å"You’ll be a convert.† I felt a little bad about strong-arming her into the Mortensen family adventure. She stayed silent for most of the ride up, keeping her thoughts to herself. Seth’s family lived up north of the city, in Lake Forest Park. Their house looked exactly like the other ones on the street, but I suspected it was a necessary sacrifice in order to accommodate two adults and five girls. â€Å"Oh my God,† said Maddie when we stepped inside the house. All five Mortensen daughters were there. They ranged in age from four to fourteen, all sharing their mother’s blond hair and blue eyes. We seemed to have walked into the middle of an argument. â€Å"Maybe†¦this wasn’t such a good idea†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I looked around the room. Seth had gotten there earlier, and Terry and Andrea had already left to do their shopping. Fourteen-year-old Brandy tried to make her voice heard over that of Kendall, who was nine and the twins McKenna and Morgan who were six. Only four-year-old Kayla, sitting on the couch beside her uncle, listened quietly. I couldn’t even tell what the others were fighting about. â€Å"It can spin webs!† cried Kendall. â€Å"No, it can’t. That’s just its name.† Brandy looked weary. The others weren’t paying attention to her. â€Å"The horn would slice the webs!† cried McKenna. Morgan backed her by making a chopping motion with her hand. â€Å"Not if the monkey trapped it first,† retorted Kendall. â€Å"The unicorn can run fast. The monkey couldn’t catch it.† â€Å"Then it’s a coward!† Kendall looked triumphant. â€Å"It loses automatically if it doesn’t show up for the fight.† Both twins appeared stumped by this bit of logic. â€Å"This is a stupid argument,† said Brandy. â€Å"Unicorns aren’t real.† The other three girls turned on her and started shouting their protests. â€Å"HEY!† I yelled over the cacophony. Everyone fell silent and looked at me. I don’t think the girls had noticed my arrival. â€Å"What’s going on?† â€Å"A debate over who would win if a unicorn got in a fight with a spider monkey,† said Seth. Beside me, Maddie made a strange noise that sounded suspiciously like a squelched laugh. â€Å"It’s been compelling and well thought out,† added Seth, his voice deadpan. Brandy groaned. â€Å"Unicorns aren’t real.† â€Å"Spider monkeys aren’t real!† McKenna shot back. â€Å"Yes, they are,† said Brandy. â€Å"This is all pointless.† Kendall glared at her. â€Å"It’s hypocritical.† â€Å"Hypothetical,† I corrected. â€Å"Don’t worry,† Seth told Maddie and me. â€Å"It’s downright civil compared to the mermaid-centaur debate.† â€Å"Guys,† I said. â€Å"This is Maddie.† I ticked off the girls’ names for her, one by one. â€Å"Hi,† said Maddie nervously. She eyed each girl, then looked at Seth uncertainly. She’d been acting differently around him since the auction, and I made a mental note to harass him about their date. â€Å"This might have been a bad idea†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He smiled one of those sweet smiles that could make anyone feel better. She smiled back, relaxing a little. â€Å"Nope. We need all the help we can get around here.† He rose, scooping up Kayla as he rose. â€Å"What I actually need is a distraction while everyone under age nine gets put to bed.† The twins cried out in dismay. I glanced at Brandy and Kendall. â€Å"Sounds easy enough.† â€Å"Don’t speak so soon,† warned Brandy. Kendall was already in motion. She tore out of the room and returned with a long cardboard box that she nearly shoved into my face. â€Å"Look what Grandma sent me.† It was a Monopoly game. â€Å"The Industrial Revolution edition?† I asked dumbfounded. â€Å"It’s about the only edition they hadn’t made yet,† remarked Seth. â€Å"I think they’re kind of grasping at straws.† â€Å"You got that for Christmas?† I asked. â€Å"You wanted it for Christmas?† â€Å"I want to be a real estate mongrel when I grow up,† she explained. You read "Succubus Dreams CHAPTER 11" in category "Essay examples" â€Å"Mogul,† I corrected. â€Å"And I thought you wanted to be a pirate?† She gave me a pitying look. â€Å"They don’t have very good health insurance.† I pointed to the box. â€Å"But why the Industrial Revolution? Wouldn’t you have rather had, I don’t know, the Barbie edition? Or the Sephora edition?† I kind of wanted that last one for myself. â€Å"The Industrial Revolution was an important period in Western Civilization. The developments in production and manufacturing forever changed the face of our culture and socioeconomic status.† She paused. â€Å"You wanna play?† â€Å"Is one of the pieces a spinning jenny?† asked Maddie. Seth laughed. â€Å"Actually, it is.† â€Å"I’m in,† she said. Kayla, who was in Seth’s arms, appeared on the verge of falling asleep then and there. Her cuddly form reminded me of the dream girl, and my heart lurched. Suddenly, Monopoly held little appeal. I walked over to Seth. â€Å"Tell you what. You play, and I’ll take bedtime duty.† â€Å"You sure?† â€Å"Positive.† He passed her off, and she wrapped her little arms around my neck. With the twins in tow, I left the others to set up the game. Maddie looked distinctly uncomfortable at being abandoned, but I knew she’d do fine. Sometimes being forced to socialize was the best way to learn. The twins were surprisingly easy to put to bed, probably because they slept in the same room. Going to bed wasn’t such a big deal when you had a sister to whisper to and giggle with. I supervised the brushing of teeth and putting on of pajamas, then closed them in with warnings that I’d check back. Still balancing Kayla on one hip, I carried her to the room she shared with Kendall. Kayla almost never said anything, so I wasn’t particularly surprised when she didn’t protest having a pink nightgown pulled over her head and being tucked under the covers. I sat on the edge of her bed and handed her a stuffed unicorn I’d found on the floor. She wrapped it in her arms. â€Å"I think it could take the spider monkey,† I told her. Kayla said nothing but just watched me with those huge blue eyes. They were filled with such trust and sweetness – just like my daughter in the dream. How amazing would it be to do this every night? To tuck someone in and kiss her forehead, then wake up with her each morning? Suddenly, fearing I might cry in front of a four-year-old, I started to rise. To my complete astonishment, she held out her hand and touched my arm. â€Å"Georgina.† Her voice was small and soprano and sweet. I sat back down. â€Å"Hmm?† â€Å"Don’t leave,† she said. â€Å"Oh, honey. I have to. You need to sleep.† â€Å"Monsters will come.† â€Å"What monsters?† â€Å"The bad ones.† â€Å"Ah. I see. Are they under your bed?† I was pretty sure that’s where most monsters lived. Aside from the ones I played poker with and bought Secret Santa presents for. She shook her head and pointed up at the ceiling. â€Å"They live there. In space.† â€Å"Are they aliens?† As much as I hated the thought of her being afraid to go to bed, I was rather enchanted to be having a conversation with her for the first time ever. She was as articulate as all the other girls – not that I should have been surprised by that. â€Å"No. They’re monsters. They swoop in the air and go in people’s dreams.† I caught on to her reluctance to sleep now. â€Å"Have you been having nightmares?† â€Å"No. But the monsters are there. I feel them.† Something about her words and the serious set of her face sent a chill down my spine. â€Å"You want me to stay until you fall asleep? Will that keep them away?† â€Å"Maybe,† she said. She touched my arm again. â€Å"You’re magic.† I wondered then if Kayla might be a psychic in the making, like Erik or Dante. The way she spoke implied more than a childhood belief in magic. There was almost an authority there. She’d be worth keeping an eye on, but I wouldn’t pursue anything now. I certainly wasn’t going to start quizzing her about auras. â€Å"Okay,† I said. â€Å"I’ll stay.† I lay down beside her, and she studied me in silence. I began humming an old song, which made her smile and close her eyes. When I finished, she opened her eyes again. â€Å"What are the words?† â€Å"Eh†¦Ã¢â‚¬  That was hard to answer. It was a song from my mortal life, one that had been composed in an ancient Cyprian dialect no one spoke anymore. My husband used to sing it to me. Knowing I couldn’t reproduce the rhymes or any sort of good translation on the spot, I simply sang it to her in the original language. The syllables, familiar yet strange, came awkwardly to my lips. When I finished, Kayla didn’t say anything or move. I waited a couple more minutes and slowly got out of the bed. She continued sleeping. Turning off the light, I left the room and returned to the Monopoly players. Seth smiled at my approach and made room for me beside him on the floor. â€Å"Luddites burn your mill. Pay five-hundred dollars.† Brandy grimaced at her Chance card. â€Å"Weak.† â€Å"That’s not as much as I had to pay when the Factory Acts cut my child labor force a couple turns ago,† Maddie pointed out. As I’d hoped, she seemed perfectly at ease now. Kendall rolled the dice and moved her miniature pewter Oliver Twist book ahead three spaces. â€Å"I wish I had a job, so I could save capitalism for my investments.† â€Å"Capital,† the rest of us said in unison. Kendall glanced up at me. â€Å"I could work at your bookstore. Under the table.† â€Å"Like stacking books under the table?† asked Brandy. Kendall ignored her. â€Å"Don’t you need extra help?† I ruffled her hair. â€Å"Not until you’re of age, I’m afraid.† Maddie moved her pewter spinning jenny. â€Å"Yeah, haven’t you learned anything from this game? You’d get us shut down. Georgina doesn’t need that kind of paperwork.† â€Å"How’s your manager job?† asked Brandy. â€Å"Is it harder?† â€Å"Mostly it’s†¦different.† Kendall brightened. â€Å"I could have your old job.† â€Å"Sorry. No vacancy. Maddie took my place.† Kendall sighed. Seth landed on a silk mill no one had purchased yet and began rustling up money. â€Å"The girls go to bed okay?† â€Å"Yeah†¦Kayla had a hard time, though. She was worried about nightmares.† He looked up in surprise. â€Å"She told you that? She, like, spoke?† â€Å"Yeah, we had a whole discourse. Laughed, cried, shared our hopes and fears. I think she has an oratorical career ahead of her.† â€Å"What’s ‘oratorical’ mean?† asked Kendall. â€Å"It refers to speaking in public,† Maddie explained. â€Å"Giving speeches. Talking in front of others.† â€Å"Oh. Uncle Seth doesn’t have an oratorical career.† We all laughed. â€Å"No,† agreed Maddie. â€Å"He doesn’t. I certainly don’t either.† Seth high-fived her. â€Å"Introverts unite.† Brandy picked up another Chance card and groaned. â€Å"Cholera outbreak! Not again!† When the night finally ended and Seth’s brother and sister-in-law came home, I was happy to learn that Maddie had had a really good time. â€Å"Kids aren’t so bad as long as they’re brainiac Mortensen offspring. Terry and Andrea were nice too. Good genes in that group.† â€Å"Yup,† I agreed. Maddie definitely needed more socialization, I decided. She was cheerful and upbeat, her eyes sparkling and excited. This had been a good night. I dropped her off at Doug’s and drove back to my apartment. The parking gods weren’t with me tonight, and I ended up about five blocks away. As I walked, I passed a newspaper dispenser for the Seattle Times. I usually read the headlines at the store but hadn’t today. I paused in front of it, one article catching my eye. It was a weird story about a local man who’d turned delusional. He’d had a dream that if he swam across Puget Sound, it would bring wealth and security to his struggling family. Sadly, he hadn’t made it very far before drowning in the freezing waters. The ironic part was that although some might consider the feat suicidal, his massive life insurance policy was going to pay out. His family would get their wealth and security after all. Staring blankly at the paper, I thought about the poor man succumbing and disappearing under the dark waves. I suddenly flashed back to this morning, and it was like I could feel the cold, wet sensation all over again. For half a second, I couldn’t breathe. It was as though my lungs were filling with water, suffocating me. I shuddered and absentmindedly ran my hands over my arms, the d? ¦j? ¤ vu nearly overpowering me. Water. Water everywhere. Cold. Black. Smothering†¦ I shivered and finally made myself start walking again, needing to find someplace warm. How to cite Succubus Dreams CHAPTER 11, Essay examples

Psychic ability Essay Example For Students

Psychic ability Essay The purpose of this study was to prove that the human mind has telepathic ability.To prove this, the subjects were asked to guess the suit of each card from a standard playing deck. The subjects were tested in a cozy, quiet environment inside their house. The first data recorded were the percentage of cards the subjects would randomly guess right. There are 52 cards in a deck and thirteen of each suit, so that would give someone a 13 out of 52 chance of merely guessing right or one-fourth. During the test, the subjects were instructed to take time and concentrate before giving an answer. The idea was that if the subject concentrated hard enough, the suit of the card would be revealed by the psychic ability of the mind. The results of the study showed that telepathic ability just might be a realityPsychic ability has been a subject that has interested me every since I saw the movie Maverick. In the movie, the main character, played by Mel Gibson, believes that if he thinks of a card a nd concentrates hard enough then he will draw that card. He starts out thinking of the card he needs. The character played by Gibson thinks long and hard to the point of almost exhaustion. He then draws the card, hoping that the card he is thinking of will be the card he draws. It never quite works out for him because I believe that he is not concentrating hard enough. At the end of the movie, however, when he is in the finals of a poker tournament, he tries it again. This time, his mind is in the zone, and it works. I have never been one to believe in telepathy, but one time I tried to give it a chance. One time, I was home alone and extremely bored, so I decided to try out what I had learned from Maverick. I was alone in my room, and I sat and thought about the ace of spades for what seemed like fifteen minutes. Concentrating and thinking only of the ace of spades, I drew a card and held it so I couldn’t see it. I said to myself, over and over again, this is the ace of spades. When I finally turned the card around, it was none other than the ace of spades! Right then and there, I began to believe in the power of telepathy. I have performed this action three other times and have failed only once, when I was in the company of several people that I felt distracted me. There are two types of psychic ability: psychokinesis and ESP (extra-sensory perception), also known as anomalous cognition. Psychokinesis is when one physically manipulates the environment through unknown means. Anomalous cognition is when one acquires information through unexplainable means, which is what the study focused on. Anomalous cognition is then further divided into two categories: clairvoyance (information that comes in real time and not from another person) and precognition (only obtained from knowledge of the future) (Utts webpage). To produce the data, I took a standard deck of 52 cards and situated the subject in a comfortable part of the house of each of the ten subjects. I then took the top card off the deck and laid it aside. The subject would then stare at the card for as much time as needed. This was repeated until I went through the deck once. The idea was that deep concentration would cause the powers of telepathy to take over and enable the subject to ascertai n the suit of the card. After the subject answered what was believed to be the suit of the card, the answer was marked, and then the actual card was written down without the subject knowing his/her success or failure. This was done so the subject would not become frustrated at wrong answers. The right answers were counted and then the proportion of correct answers were tabulated and compared to the one-fourth chance that the suit could be merely guessed right. .ud81ef2a05db5dc9c4f83c12eeaffd11d , .ud81ef2a05db5dc9c4f83c12eeaffd11d .postImageUrl , .ud81ef2a05db5dc9c4f83c12eeaffd11d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud81ef2a05db5dc9c4f83c12eeaffd11d , .ud81ef2a05db5dc9c4f83c12eeaffd11d:hover , .ud81ef2a05db5dc9c4f83c12eeaffd11d:visited , .ud81ef2a05db5dc9c4f83c12eeaffd11d:active { border:0!important; } .ud81ef2a05db5dc9c4f83c12eeaffd11d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud81ef2a05db5dc9c4f83c12eeaffd11d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud81ef2a05db5dc9c4f83c12eeaffd11d:active , .ud81ef2a05db5dc9c4f83c12eeaffd11d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud81ef2a05db5dc9c4f83c12eeaffd11d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud81ef2a05db5dc9c4f83c12eeaffd11d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud81ef2a05db5dc9c4f83c12eeaffd11d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud81ef2a05db5dc9c4f83c12eeaffd11d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud81ef2a05db5dc9c4f83c12eeaffd11d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud81ef2a05db5dc9c4f83c12eeaffd11d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud81ef2a05db5dc9c4f83c12eeaffd11d .ud81ef2a05db5dc9c4f83c12eeaffd11d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud81ef2a05db5dc9c4f83c12eeaffd11d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Multicultural Education in America EssayAnalysis of Study Using the Five-Step Hypothesis Testing Process:The alternative hypothesis for this experiment was that telepathy is possible. To prove this, the number of correct answers from the card were compared with the figure that a person would get right if they were to merely guess (.25). This would then make the Ho: Pr = .25 and Ha: would be Pr * .25. 2.Determine level of significance. Is it a one-tail or two tail test?:I decided to make a = .05 for the test, which was only a one-tailed test because Pr must be greater than .25. I used the formula for a sample proportion versus a known standard. P was .25. Using .05 as a, the critical value used was 1.64. Pr = .42 which resulted in the test statistic being 1.21, which is lower than the critical value of 1.64. Therefore, the null hypothesis would be accepted. It has been thought that psychic ability is not present in everyone. And, interestingly enough, one of the subjects tested scored significantly better than the others. For him, Pr = .59, making the test statistic 1.42. There were a couple of factors that might have aided in causing the sample to be biased. The type of sampling that was used was a forced-choice type. For this reason, the subjects probably got a higher percentage of cards right because they only had four choices to choose from. I also noticed that as the study went on, the subjects would begin to get more cards right. Perhaps, a warm-up was required to get the mind flowing, instead of going right to the sample.The experiment had several variables involved. The explanatory variable was the psychic ability used to identify the card correctly. This variable could have been manipulated by several factors. The fact that the brain might not have been warmed-up when the experiment started has been discussed, but some of the subjects may have become tired or bored in the latter stages of the experiment. These factors also likely influenced the response variable, which was the amount of cards identified correctly. There were a couple of confounding variables that might have biased the results of the experiment. The place in the house that the test took place, and the amount of background noise could have increased or decreased the performance of the subjects. The surroundings and colors of each room might have some effect on the flow of the brain. Randomization took place in the way the subjects were picked. The population was the town of Savanna (pop. 852). This could have hurt the experiment because the subjects might have been uninterested and apathetic toward the experiment. Therefore, their brains would not have been properly tuned to achieve best performance. The main strength of the experiment was that it shows that telepathy could definitely be possible. Even though the alternate hypothesis was not proven at the .95 confidence level, a difference of 17 percent is definitely a big jump. With a larger study, the alternative hypothesis might have been proven. There were obvious weaknesses in the study. The experiment was no doubt too small. The environments in which the test took place were not appropriate for the subjects to give complete concentration. The test was almost too simple. The forced-choice aspect makes the jump in percentage a little less exciting. The many other factors that have been listed that could have biased the data were not taken into account. The study failed to prove my hypothesis, but I still believe that a 17 percent difference in the number of correct answers is something worth looking into. With a larger experiment, under the right circumstances, telepathy might someday be proved to be a reality. Utts, Jessica. â€Å"An Assessment for the Evidence of PsychicFunctioning.† 1995. Internet:http://anson.ucdavis.edu/utts/air2.html. .uc796e6ae628b82c246e60645fa6f82d6 , .uc796e6ae628b82c246e60645fa6f82d6 .postImageUrl , .uc796e6ae628b82c246e60645fa6f82d6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc796e6ae628b82c246e60645fa6f82d6 , .uc796e6ae628b82c246e60645fa6f82d6:hover , .uc796e6ae628b82c246e60645fa6f82d6:visited , .uc796e6ae628b82c246e60645fa6f82d6:active { border:0!important; } .uc796e6ae628b82c246e60645fa6f82d6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc796e6ae628b82c246e60645fa6f82d6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc796e6ae628b82c246e60645fa6f82d6:active , .uc796e6ae628b82c246e60645fa6f82d6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc796e6ae628b82c246e60645fa6f82d6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc796e6ae628b82c246e60645fa6f82d6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc796e6ae628b82c246e60645fa6f82d6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc796e6ae628b82c246e60645fa6f82d6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc796e6ae628b82c246e60645fa6f82d6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc796e6ae628b82c246e60645fa6f82d6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc796e6ae628b82c246e60645fa6f82d6 .uc796e6ae628b82c246e60645fa6f82d6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc796e6ae628b82c246e60645fa6f82d6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Benjamin Franklin: His Life EssayBibliography:Source ConsultedUtts, Jessica. â€Å"An Assessment for the Evidence of PsychicFunctioning.† 1995. Internet:http://anson.ucdavis.edu/utts/air2.html.

Polyphonic Hmi Mixing Math and Music free essay sample

Customers: Establishing the target market is the focus of the case. There are different avenues they can venture down. The key is to figure out which will be generate sales more quickly and prove to be the most beneficial to the company. Polyphonic options are to market to the record labels, producers, or the unsigned artists. Collaborators: Polyphonic first idea was to market their technology of the HAS to retailers. The retailers would have stations in their stores so that people can rate songs. The problem was that they could not find a software company to work with.Competition: There are no other forms of technology that predict the successfulness of songs in the music industry. The current method used is producers gut feelings. Context: The music industry is rapidly changing. New hits and duds are released everyday. If record companies can better predict the successes of songs, they could save a lot Decision Area Polyphonic has several decisions to make before getting this project off the ground. We will write a custom essay sample on Polyphonic Hmi: Mixing Math and Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The first decision that has to be made is who to target Hit Song Science toward. Polyphonic can either target HAS toward record labels, producers, or to unsigned artists. After that decision is made, we need to come up with a suitable market plan. We need to figure out how HAS should be positioned, what price should be charged, and how Polyphonic should approach the selling process. Identification and Evaluation of Alternatives The alternatives the management team of, Barcelona-based, Polyphonic HIM were faced with were who was their best target market and what was a suitable marketing plan to best position their new technology, Hit Song Science (HAS).Their alternatives are the following: . To pursue record labels by offering assistance in deciding on whether to market an album, in selecting which song to release first, and in testing new artists looking for a record deal . 2. To pursue producers by offering a chance to test songs or albums at some stage during the production process and tweak them to maximize heir hit potential. 3. To pursue unsigned artists by offering the ability to check the hit song potential of their songs and thus find out whether they had a shot at making it in the industry.In the first option HAS would be positioned towards essentially saving record labels money. With the technology of HAS record labels would be able to evaluate an albums sales potential before actually spending the money to market the album. They would also be able to rank songs in an album for the purposes of releasing the best possible single. This would decrease emotional Judgments, thus allow record abeles to have bigger promotional budgets without the risks of failure. In addition, record labels would also have the ability to test an unsigned artists potential prior to offering them a record deal.In the second option HAS would be focused on presenting itself as adding value and reducing pressure to create and oversee a successful album. HAS would increase hit song credibility which would reduce the pressures of presenting a hit song to a record label. The technology would also provide producers the ability to evaluate a song prior and/or during a recording session which would reduce recording time and money. In the third option HAS would be positioned to increase the likelihood of being signed by a record label. HAS would give artists the ability to evaluate their demo recording prior to submission to a record label.Pros and Cons with pursuing record labels Failure risks associated with releasing a new album would be reduced ; Stress/ risks associated with the decision of selecting which song to release as a single would be reduced ; Assistance in the evaluation of marketing budgets for a single/album ; Ability to testing artists potential prior to record deals Cons Possible album hits could be easily overlooked arguing producers Increases credibility Ability to evaluate a song prior/during recording sessions Cons May hinder possible creative breakthroughs in the industry Pros and Cons with pursuing unsigned artists Secure hit potential in their demo recordings Cons Not financially supported by a record label Recommended Course of Action Based on information taken from Exhibits 6 and 8 from the case study, Hit Song Science should market its product and services to record labels attempting to catch a larger share of the market. The elitist attitude of executives at companies likeUniversal (current market leader) would make this product extremely difficult to sell. These executives are experiencing much success in their industry and have a mindset of if it anti broke, dont fix it, while also taking pride in their individual skill at recognizing hits and busts alike. Bottom dwellers in the industry will be more apt to try and retain more market share through unconventional methods. The great thing about this market is that the so-called bottom dwellers consist of Just about every company other than Universal. Universals North American market share is so nominate that MI, BMW, Sony, Warner, and the Independents are dwarfed in comparison.This leaves large market for Hit Song Sciences services. Given Hit Song Sciences success with artists such as Nora Jones and Maroon 5, there is a strong pitch to give to company executives that appeal to more than Just their desperation to attain more of the industry market sh are. Hit Song Science has name recognition. Exhibit 8 shows how our technology correctly calculated which songs had hit potential and which would be busts. When taking the highest and lowest rated tracks on the album and comparing them to actual market performance, our ululations were dead on. Hit Song Science has created an unconventional source of competitive advantage.This technology has the opportunity to revolutionize the industry by either reaffirming gut instincts of the top minds in the industry, or by giving those top minds the opportunity to rethink their feelings on an artists piece of Nor. In the long run, this could save a company millions in the production and promotion of songs that will never make it as hits. With technology like HAS they can eliminate some of the risk of releasing a song that is not a hit and will not make it to he Top 40. (See Table A) Product/Place iris type of technology is not the typical fare that one would find in a retail establishment. As providers for this product/service, we must be seen as consultants.Our product will be available directly from us, the creative minds behind the technology. Price eased on fixed costs coming to $500,000 and variable costs being roughly $300 per song is appropriate. This price will allow for a reasonable breakable unit and dollar amount and still be priced way below other research methods that are currently used by record labels. Being that we are offering a relatively new and unknown product/service, we understand that it may be a stretch to assume that record companies will dish out large amounts of capital on technology that they know very little about. To help with this, we may suggest using either a free trial usage, or an introductory discounted price, only if necessary. Promotion Our product is an investment, plain and simple. A record executive or recording artist will pay money for the slight chance that this gives them the edge when attempting to offer something new to the public and in doing so, bring in more refits. Being an investment, it should be promoted and delivered accordingly. It Not be the technology itself thats promoted, however, the company which will be sold as leaders to the proverbial Promised Land for artists. The company should be promoted within the industry. There is really no market outside of it. Sales pitches should be conducted by technology salesperson with a vast knowledge of the inner Mornings of our product. And finally, the company image should exude success. Many will see using technology as a confession of failure. We have to sell it as a commitment to success. Overall Evaluation An investment in the product that Hit Song Science has developed is a great idea. En feel the most critical objection to deal with would be that the music execs do not have any need for technological assistance for a gift they obviously already have. Logic tells us that nobody has always been right about a decision theyve made in this business. There is room for improvement, and if it renders a competitive advantage, why not try it out; especially if you can get a free trial use out of it.

Juveniles charged as adults essays

Juveniles charged as adults essays Beginning in Chicago, Illinois in 1899, a distinction was made between crime committed by adults and crime committed by juveniles. With the help of Jane Adams and other reformers, a separate court was set up for juvenile offenders. This new court for youthful offenders was designed to place greater emphasis on the welfare and rehabilitation of youth in the justice system. Training schools and detention centers specialized in rehabilitation were set up to house and treat these kids who had run afoul of the law. These detention centers were designed not only to address the educational and psychological needs of these young criminals, but also to provide vocational skills in order to ensure that these kids would not re-offend and could become productive members of society. The present form of the United States juvenile court system came about due to the case of Gerald Gault in 1967. Prior to 1967, juveniles charged with a crime were not afforded the same right that adults were. The right of being tried by a jury, the right to cross examination and counsel, and the right to protect ones self form self-incrimination were replaced by the benevolence of a single judge. This changed when Gault, a 15 year-old, was charged with making an obscene phone call. While the maximum penalty he would have faced in an adult court would have been a $50 fine or two months in jail, his fate was left solely to the discretion of a single judge in the juvenile system. The judge ordered Gault to a detention center for six years. Under appeal, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the juvenile system was a violation of the fourteenth amendment, asserting that juveniles should have the same right to due process that were afforded adults. This ruling sculpted the juvenile court system that is in place today. Over the last fifteen years, once again the face of the juvenile justice system is changing. During the decade of the 90s, ...

What are the different ways in which tariffs are levied in the United Essay

What are the different ways in which tariffs are levied in the United States and what are the various types of nontariff barriers imposed in the United States - Essay Example Protection is achieved by raising the price of imported products so that they cost the same as those produced domestically. The government computes the tariffs in two main ways. The Ad Valorem, which means â€Å"On value,† involves tax that is levied as a fixed percentage of the value of the imported commodity. Currently, the U.S collects 2.5% on imported automobiles. Therefore, if the country imports $100,000 Hyundai automobiles, then the government collects $2,500 in tax (Suranovic 2012).Specific tariffs involve levying a fixed amount of tax on each unit of the imported product sold without regard to the selling price. In some cases, the tariffs imposed may be a combination of the specific and Ad Valorem (Webb 2011). For example, a specific tariff of $0.51% is levied on imported wristwatches in the U.S coupled with a $6.25% ad valorem tariff on the case and the strap. A 5.3% ad valorem tariff is also imposed on the battery (Suranovic 2012). The tariffs levied on imports vary depending on the commodities, for example, goods from a country with the status of â€Å"most-favored† nation may i ncur a different tariff compared to products from other trading partners. Non-tariff barriers include rules and regulations geared to keeping foreign goods out of the domestic market. They include specific limitations on trade, such as quotas. Quota refers to limiting an amount of import, for example, the U.S allows 1 million tons of sugar to be imported and not more than that (Bairstow 2011). The second barrier involves customs and administrative procedures such as antidumping practices and valuation systems. The implementation of standards, that is, packaging, labelling and other standard disparities are other barriers to trade that are incorporated in the U.S (Bairstow 2011). The government’s participation in trade through export subsidies, procurement policies, countervailing duties and domestic assistance programmes

Southwest airline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Southwest airline - Essay Example The aim of this strategy is to be a producer who maintains low costs in production compared to the competitors. It is also more applicable in a market that uses price as the deciding factor (Pearce &Robinson, 2014). The strategic managers of Southwest Airline use this strategy in a way that they strategically select the production and marketing methods that lead to a reduction in cost. They ensure that the airline uses lower cost carriers to control and reduce costs and to ensure that they operate at lower costs compared to the legacy carriers. With the low operation costs, Southwest Airline is able to maintain a large share of the market since it is able to provide efficient services at low costs. Efficient use of this strategy is enhanced by conducting a SWOT analysis that enables the firm to discover the strengths and weaknesses that it possesses as well as the opportunities and threats available in the market. The effectiveness of this strategy also is maintained if the firm is able to maintain the quality of services despite the reduction in cost (Pearce & Robinson,

An Obstacle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

An Obstacle - Essay Example The "obstacle" the she deals with is "Prejudice." It is imperative to note that it is capitalized, which not only indicates its significance, but personifies it through granting it a proper name (Gilman, 2013). As the poem goes on, the personification involved here is confirmed, particularly in reference to "he." Lines such as â€Å"my strength and time were limited† and â€Å"I carried quite a load† proved that she was limited to accomplish her desires by men. According to the speaker, this was a form of â€Å"prejudice.† In the age where Gilman lived, society commanded women live by a "code of conduct"—and; therefore, the speaker talks about "the obstacle" "civilly." "Huge and wide" mean how extensive this prejudice is: with the poet’s proclivity to writing feminist literature, this obstacle saturate all through every corner of society putting restrictions upon what a female is permitted to do or not (Gilman, 2013). When Prejudice beams, probably it is carried out

Use Of Green Building Constructions Environmental Sciences Essay

Use Of Green Building Constructions Environmental Sciences Essay India is the Seventh largest country in the world and it has population of 1.24 billion as of 2012 according to World Population Review 2012. As of 2012 India experienced a growth of 5.5% in its Gross Domestic Product (Money Control, 2012). In the same year, the Construction industry Experienced a growth of 6.6%. During the year 2011, construction industry was valued at Rs.18.5 trillion (Reportlinker, 2012). Indian Green Building Council was started on 2001 by Confederation of Indian Industry. The aim of this council is to increase green building construction in India and to make India one of the leaders in green buildings of the world. Benefits from green buildings can be both tangible and intangible . Most important benefit from construction of green buildings are reduction in usage of water and energy costs during the construction of building. The tangible benefits by using green buildings are saving water sources at 30-50% and energy sources by 20-30%. The intangible benefits in construction of green buildings are clear vision of day lighting, health and wellbeing of the occupants, conservation of national resources and enhanced air and marketability of the project (Indian Green Building Council,2008). Indian Green Building Council is a system designed for rating residential buildings which include Gated communities, Residential apartments, Retrofitting of residential buildings with accordance to Indian Green Buildings Council (Indian Green Building Council, 2008). The increased growth in economic activities of any country is causing pressure on environmental and natural resources. There is evidence that an irreversible damage is caused to global environment due to human activities, which have an impact on quality of life for future generations. This concern for environment due to global warming has caused governments to search for sustainable solutions. In India, the real estate industry is the main contributor for global warming due to emission of greenhouse gases released due to energy use from buildings. Hence, there is a necessity for developing sustainable green buildings and technologies in the construction industry. Compared to the world average growth of 5.2% in construction industry, India is growing rapidly with a rate of 10% and also 20% of total electricity is consumed by buildings in India (Lang and Meghraj, 2008). This shows that it is a great opportunity to instigate construction of green buildings or sustainable buildings in the country. In some cases developers have to face a lot of challenges since construction of green buildings will cost a lot for some cases. Green Buildings Development: Sustainable development is often defined as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Brundtland, 1987). Sustainable development is conceptually divided into three types. They are Economic Sustainability, Social Sustainability and Environment Sustainability (John Elkington, 1999). Performance of industrial economy is always been measured by financial outcome. Striking a balance between the above three constituent parts will be a key in achieving sustainable development. In India real estate industry is the major energy consumers and Greenhouse Gas emitters. 38% of global energy is being consumed by real estate industry and almost 3,800 tonnes of greenhouse gas is emitted every year, according to a report done by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change in the year 1996. This report has not included usage of any other resources such as water. Due to increased global warming, depleted sources and consumer pressures had pushed the need for sustainability in construction industry secto r (Lang and Meghraj, 2008). Sustainability in construction industry is not limited to energy conservation also includes resource usage, working conditions and also neighbour surroundings. This situation has given rise to development of sustainable buildings. The green building usually emphasises reduction of environmental impacts on a integrated approach to land, construction strategies and building uses in a sustainable way. Usually a green building uses less amount of energy, natural resources and water when compared to other normal building. By construction of sustainable buildings less amount of construction waste is generated and it also helps in providing healthier environment for people living in it. Green buildings have sustainable features like sufficient use of water, energy and eco-friendly environment, usage of recycled materials, renewable energy, landscapes, effective building and control management systems (Lang and Meghraj, 2008). The benefits of sustainable building usually depend on the extent at which they are used during the planning and design state. A green building will be successful only if it is included starting from the design state. The considerations that are taken into account in design of green building are supply chain starting from material sourcing, recycled resource use, civic amenities, modelling of energy and finally waste disposal for occupiers education. Sustainable Buildings in India: In India, green building movement started with establishment of Indian Green Building Council in 2001, which was started by CII (Confederation of Indian Industries). The first sustainable building was constructed on July 14 2004 at Hyderabad named as CII-Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre (Lang and Meghraj, 2008). In India there are about 18 LEED certified green buildings with an area of about 110 million sq ft by the end of 2007 (CII-Energy Efficiency in Building Design and construction, 2010). In India, the construction industry is considered to be one of the biggest emitter of Greenhouse Gases. 20-25% of consumed electricity by government buildings is being wasted due to incapable design, according to a report submitted by Ministry of power in June 2004. This is the same scenario in private sector. Merits and Cost of Sustainable Buildings In India: The main difference between normal and green buildings are that green buildings have improved indoor environment and also operational savings. The economic advantages of green buildings will not be visible immediately, since the lifetime payback is higher compared to that of normal buildings which mainly come from cost savings, reduced carbon emission and higher capital or rental values. The social advantages are due to increased green buildings in the environment. It also helps in increasing tenants and decrease their health problems due to better working condition. In India, the payback of platinum rated building will range from 5 to 7 years where as gold rated and silver rated building have a period of 3 to 4 years (Lang and Meghraj, 2008). The common notion among Indian developers is that construction of green buildings is costlier when compared to normal buildings and it will take a long time to get payback on sustainable buildings. This reason is due to mainly following: green buildings are still in the stage of developing, not having enough technical information on green buildings, execution of sustainable buildings are still inept, preferring short returns instead of focusing on life term returns (Lang and Meghraj, 2008). Cost Premium of Green buildings in India ranges from 6-18%, it depends on the ratings (Confederation of Indian Industry, 2008). There are green building rating systems which give information about changes, effort by the owners invested on achieving a good performance sustainable building and environmental benefits of the land. The sustainable building rating systems are as follows: BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method, used mostly in UK) LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, used mostly in US) Green Star (Used mostly in Australia and New Zealand have their own type of Green Star) NABERS (National Australian Built Environment Rating System) LEED in India by Indian Green Building Council GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment) Cost Analysis of Green buildings: In words of Greg Kats Principal of capital (a consultancy focusing on clean energy), he says that there is big difference between operating cost and capital cost of sustainable building. Why Did I Chose Green Building Constructions and Their Cost Efficiency in India: Most people in India know about Green Buildings, but dont know the procedure how to start and what are the methods to be taken care in starting a sustainable construction. We have lack of information on Sustainable buildings and Government of India must educate people on sustainable buildings. Construction of green buildings started in India recently during the year 2004 until then people where constructing residential buildings, non-residential buildings including government buildings in normal ways. My aim in choosing this topic is to show that even though green buildings are costly but in lifetime they can get their payback and also provide healthy environment to neighbours and occupants. Government should help in providing financial help for constructing sustainable buildings in India.

Raymond Carvers Cathedral Essay -- Raymond Carver Papers

The narrator in Raymond Carver's "Cathedral" has two fully functional eyes, in which he chooses never to use to their full potential. The eyes of the narrator are biased, insecure, jealous, and very limited in what they choose to see. This inability to see is made apparent when he is forced to meet and converse with a blind man. The narrator's perception of the world around him, and blurred vision, is resolved by a great irony in the story when Roger helps the narrator see past his prejudice outlook on life. The blind man teaches the narrator how to see. The first few pages of the story reveal the narrator's blurred view of his own life, his wife's life, and the entire world around him. The narrator, "Bub", seems to have an unhappy and insecure approach to everyday life. The narrator's blurred view of everything that happened in his wife's past life, shows the insecurity that plagues him. When referring to his wife's ex-husband he says, "Her officer- why should he have a name? He was the childhood sweetheart, and what more does he Want? -"(P721). By treating everyone generically and denying their importance, the narrator is trying to make himself seem more important in the lives of others. He simply calls his wife's first husband "the officer"(P720) or "the man"(P720). His refusal to even use his wife's name while narrating as well as constantly referring to Robert as the "the blind man"(P720) shows that he has decided to block out the importance of the people around him. He is even less considerate of Roberts wife, whom he refers to as "Beulah, Beulah"(P721). The narrator chooses not to see everyone around him as individuals, but as a whole group. A group he is scared to look at. The narrator's feelings toward Robert are... ...ns up to new possibilities: "Never thought anything like this could happen in your lifetime, did you bub? Well, it's a strange life, we all know that"(P729). This quote shows the narrators limited view on life. By drawing the cathedral with Robert, the narrator's views are expanded and he experiences a revelation. The narrator realizes that he must let go of his insecurity and mental acts of jealousy. The limitations that were holding the narrator back were abolished through a process from which a blind man, in some sense, cured a physically healthy man. The blind man cured the narrator of these limitations, and opened him up to a whole world of new possibilities. Robert enabled the narrator to view the world in a whole new way, a way without the heavy weights of prejudice, jealousy, and insecurity holding him down. The blind man shows the narrator how to see.

Patching: Restitiching Business Portfolios in Dynamic Markets Essay

The article â€Å"Patching: Restitiching Business Portfolios in Dynamic Markets† by Eisenhardt and Brown is awe-inspiring job, because the authors attract readers’ attention to portfolio development as a skill. Further, they have succeeded in defining patching as â€Å"adding, splitting, transferring, exiting, or combining chunks of businesses†. It is necessary to outline that the article provides general overview of patching benefits and concentration on the assertion that good portfolio development depends on several generic skills such as doing everything fast, developing options, making rough choice, etc. The author emphasizes that it is important for the company to find the right general manager, because the whole company depends on his proper decision-making abilities. It is argued in the article that good portfolio development differs from bad portfolio due to patching skills. For example, Brown and Eisenhards responds that â€Å"Andrew Campbell’s observations helped us to crystallize several thoughts† meaning that he has helped in making necessary points clearer. Campbell agrees with authors that multi-business managers should have proper knowledge of industry as it is essential for developing patching skills. Nevertheless, he emphasizes that attention should be paid to pattern recognition rather than on analysis and to intuition rather than past experience. Thus Campbell assumes that pattern recognition and intuition are the central skills to be developed in manager. The article significantly contributed management science but providing thorough examination of patching benefits. Apparently, the article aims at providing clear understanding of the concept and at persuading companies to imply patching in their performance. The finding presented by the authors contributes the idea that corporate strategy should concentrate on patching, not on strategic positions that are really enduring. The article will cause others to revise their ideas about the subject discussed. Apparently, more research is needed to develop further the concept of patching.

Free Essays on Cloudstreet

In the novel ‘Cloudstreet’, Tim Winton gives an insight into the truths about life. Through the construction of diverse and deep characters, the readers can explore the magic and mystery of life, love and death. The characters play an important role in conveying the idea that we all need to find some meaning in life whether it be through spirituality, religion or family. Quick Lamb is an intricate character who is important in bringing greater depth to the themes and issues presented in the novel. As a child Quick Lamb was a quiet child, and ironically named after his slow personality. As a result of an accident, where Quick’s younger bother fish near drowned and became mentally disabled, Quick spent the rest of his life and childhood burdened by guilt. Quick blamed himself for his brothers’ fate as he was standing on the net which drowned fish. Quick was developed as a depressed character unable to escape his inner demons. Quick develops a manifestation with misery believing he needs to make himself unhappy as a â€Å"punishment† for his brothers’ state. Quick dwells on the misery of others, by surrounding himself with pictures of, the prisoners of war, refugees, and other victims of evil and violence. Quick adopts a ‘sadness radar’ which is an aspect of his trapped personality. To over come his fight with evil quick escapes to the bush on a journey of self discovery and a place of belonging. During his absence his nightmares that haunt his sleep, are a reflection of the guilt he feels from the accident with fish. Quick returns from the bush ‘glowing like an Osram lamp’ he is able to accept Fish for whom he is. Winton constructs Quick as experiencing a rite of passage. Throughout the novel quick develops from a timid guilt obsessed boy to a strong and happy man. Quick is able to realize his need for family and able to find love with Rose and establish his own family. He was able come to the realization that ther... Free Essays on Cloudstreet Free Essays on Cloudstreet In the novel ‘Cloudstreet’, Tim Winton gives an insight into the truths about life. Through the construction of diverse and deep characters, the readers can explore the magic and mystery of life, love and death. The characters play an important role in conveying the idea that we all need to find some meaning in life whether it be through spirituality, religion or family. Quick Lamb is an intricate character who is important in bringing greater depth to the themes and issues presented in the novel. As a child Quick Lamb was a quiet child, and ironically named after his slow personality. As a result of an accident, where Quick’s younger bother fish near drowned and became mentally disabled, Quick spent the rest of his life and childhood burdened by guilt. Quick blamed himself for his brothers’ fate as he was standing on the net which drowned fish. Quick was developed as a depressed character unable to escape his inner demons. Quick develops a manifestation with misery believing he needs to make himself unhappy as a â€Å"punishment† for his brothers’ state. Quick dwells on the misery of others, by surrounding himself with pictures of, the prisoners of war, refugees, and other victims of evil and violence. Quick adopts a ‘sadness radar’ which is an aspect of his trapped personality. To over come his fight with evil quick escapes to the bush on a journey of self discovery and a place of belonging. During his absence his nightmares that haunt his sleep, are a reflection of the guilt he feels from the accident with fish. Quick returns from the bush ‘glowing like an Osram lamp’ he is able to accept Fish for whom he is. Winton constructs Quick as experiencing a rite of passage. Throughout the novel quick develops from a timid guilt obsessed boy to a strong and happy man. Quick is able to realize his need for family and able to find love with Rose and establish his own family. He was able come to the realization that ther...

Background of Transgenic Research essays

Background of Transgenic Research essays Genetic engineering has opened many doors for new sciences to develop. One such science is the research and alteration of the food we eat; this is commonly known as transgenic research. Whether through crops or agricultural animals, the common goal is to increase food surplus. Most of the GM (genetic modification) research is focused on causing crops to withstand herbicides and pesticides so more of these chemicals can be poured on the land without hurting the food. The national director of the BioDemocracy Campaign, Ronnie Cummins, lists that The leaders in biotechnology are the same giant chemical companiesMonsanto, DuPont, AgroEvo, Novartis, and Rhone-Poulencthat sell toxic pesticides. These companies sell crops that are resistant to their own herbicides and pesticides so they can sell those as well (115). This seems to be driven by the desire of money and profit gain. In a similar article, Brian Halweil observes that the seeds of these herbicide-resistant crops (HRCs), are packaged with Monsantos best selling herbicide, Roundup (143). The outcome for these GM crops is an increase of the use of toxic chemicals; this will at first cause a higher yield of grain, but will ultimately pollute our land With the main goal of transgenic research to cure world hunger, most people would be in favor if it did indeed meet the worlds food demand. Transgenic research is not the only way to treat the world hunger problem though. According to Norman Borlaug, in 1994 the world produced 5 billion metric tons of food, and if it had been distributed evenly, then a diet of 2,350 calories could have been distributed to 6.4 billion people for a year about 800 million more than the population of 1994 (134). This shows a major unbalance of food distribution to countries. The current solution taking place, instead of...

Critical Review Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critical Review - Assignment Example In many cases, the performance or social situation is not used though sometimes it is considered with horror. For individuals who have not attained 18 years of age, there is persistence of the disorder for six or more months before its diagnosis. This disorder must trigger clinical distress that is vital in the occupational, social, or other significant functioning areas. Social phobia is not due to abuse of substance, medication, or medical condition. The disorder also involves excessive worry, or self-consciousness on what others think of the victim (Turner et al., 2002). The victim of the disorder is always afraid of being judged, shamed, or ridiculed by others, hence absence of oneself in social situations, incidence or prevalence, nature or course of social phobia, as well as the related social and economic burden from a local and global perspective. Studies based on communities have made it clear in their reports that social phobia can be a lifetime issue. The prevalence ranges from 3% to 13%. Many individuals who suffer from the disorder fear speaking in public. A few of those suffering from the ailment also fear relating to strangers and meeting new people (Rutz, 2006). In outpatient hospitals, social phobia ranges from 10% to 20% of patients suffering from anxiety disorders. This disorder does not arise in situations of inpatient admissions. Social phobia starts in teenagers, which sometimes emerges from the history of childhood shyness, or social inhibition. Nevertheless, children experience its start in early stages of their childhood. Onset may at times follow a humiliating and stressful experience. Although other people do recover or improve from this disorder, it is always prolonged, and the course fluctuates with stressors of life. For instance, social phobia may decrease when a person with the disorder marries. Individuals suffering from social phobia may arise with issues, negative evaluation, and rejection or anti-criticism. Victims find it di fficult to be assertive, and feel inferior or lowly placed in the society. These victims possess inadequate social skills that are always anxious. The victims may also underperform at school because of participation in class or avoiding classes. People suffering from the disorder do not perform at work because of being anxious. They also fear speaking in public to colleagues and authorities. These people have few relations; hence, they do not marry (Long, 2005). In the worst instances, the victims leave school, work, hang with unfulfilling friends and totally stay away from dating or refrain from their original family. B) Psychosocial and contextual factors that increase the likelihood of admission to an acute mental health setting (Hint: Consider case examples from your clinical placements and what the research literature informs about precipitating, and maintaining factors for any given individual with the mental health issue chosen). Although psychosocial and particularly behavio ural interventions appear to be effective in the reduction of mental disorders, they do have negative effects. These include the following: they may be insufficient because their effects vary in different children, the cost is high in terms of time and resources, and there is minimal evidence on generalization, maintenance, implementing across domain and settings simultaneously to arrive at optimal effects (Fabiano & Pelham, 2002). As behavioural strategies need persistent and

Case Study on Global Warming and Climate Change Assignment

Case Study on Global Warming and Climate Change - Assignment Example The animals provide the researcher with a great chance to acquire the necessary observation because they allow in making of experimental evidence for causation. The article discusses that there is growing evidence associating the outdoor polluted air exposure with the negative effects that appear in the reproductive health (Somers, 2011). Statement of air quality concern and its relevant to the environmental professional Exposure to ambient air pollution contributes to damage of male germ cells resulting to negative effects on reproductive health. Analysis of the key points in the article Effects of air exposure to human sperms One of the key points that the article discusses is that air exposure contributes in a significant way to the damage of human sperms (Somers, 2011). The author of the article indicates that even though few studies have been conducted concerning this issue, the ones that researchers have performed supports the fact that air pollution causes a negative effect in the reproductive health of both men and women (Somers, 2011). However, results in the areas that the study have been conducted indicates tends to be different. ... One of these limitations is that researchers fail to demonstrate causation of the effects even though it is evident that they occur. However, Somers (2011) indicates that researchers have managed to overcome the limitations using rodents. The animals are exposed to urban and industrial air pollution in order to provide the required results. The direct exposure to the pollution gives researchers a chance to determine the level of effects of sperms. The studies from this experiment indicate that ambient air pollution causes significant effects to many parts of the sentinel animals’ bodies. One of these body parts is the reproductive system. Somers (2011) indicates that a series of experiments on the sentinel animals have proven that particulate matter causes damage to the sperms. Linking the studies of human germ cell to that of sentinel animals Study on sentinel animals provides a chance of having reliable experiment. This is because the ambient air pollution tends to be a sing le variable on the experiment. Therefore, the experiment gives a clear casual links between exposures and end-points (Somers, 2011). Experiments in both humans and sentinel animals indicate there is an induced germline mutation. Moreover, the experiments indicate there is physical DNA damage and epigenetic changes in the sperms (Somers, 2011). However, it is difficult to draw conclusions about the whether the effects of the air pollution in animals and humans are the same. This is because both of them have never measured identical end-points. Conclusion The studies conducted on both humans and sentinel animals indicates there is a high probability that ambient air pollution exposure leads to the damage of male germ cells. The studies indicate that air pollution is

Obama Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Obama Care - Essay Example The various benefits offered by the act includes the increase in the number of people who can access healthcare, healthcare insurance coverage for those who cannot obtain coverage on their own and various other benefits. On the other hand the law has several disadvantages such as increased financial burden on employers, conflicts with religious beliefs and other negative effects. When Obama Care Act was signed into law, there were more than 32 million individuals without insurance coverage (The White House 1). Due to lack of health insurance coverage, these individuals were being charged higher prices for healthcare services and this was leading to increase in the government’s expenditure on healthcare. As a result of Obama Care Act, these individuals will be able to obtain healthcare services at discounted prices and the government spending on healthcare will even decline. The act has made it obligatory for insurance providers to include ten essential advantages in their healthcare insurance policies and these benefits would help in furthering the wellbeing of the citizens of United States. These ten benefits are to be offered on no yearly dollar limits that are levied by insurance providers. These plans should cover for care that is to be offered to those citizens who are not admitted, care for health issues that need immediate treatment or else the se issues can even lead to death, care for females who are experiencing pregnancy and care that is to be provided to the newly born children (Obamacare Facts 1). Furthermore, these benefits include coverage for all drugs that have been prescribed by physicians, coverage for therapies that help individuals recover from physical impairments such as loss of communication skills, coverage for tests that are conducted on patients in laboratories, coverage for obtaining medical treatment to prevent development of diseases and even coverage for health issues experienced by children

Mixed-sex education Essay Example for Free

Mixed-sex education Essay Coeducation, also known as Mixed-sex education, is the integrated education of male and female persons in the same institution under same roof. Most of the older institutions of higher education were reserved for the male students but now changed their policies to become coeducational. The first co educational institute of higher education was Oberlin College in United States, which was established in 1833. In 1844, Hillsdale College became the second college to admit mixed-sex classes to four-year degree programs. The University of Iowa became the first coeducational public or state university in the United States in 1855. We have co education in many of our universities, a few colleges and some English type schools. It is mostly not available in most of our degree colleges up to intermediate level. Co education gives useful training to boys and girls to work together. While studying side by side in different classes, they learn to co operate for common aims and purposes. After completing their education, they can easily join different professions together. They can work together for common national aims and scientific research centres. Co education is good as it develops self confidence. Boys and girls studying together can discuss their subjects and can help each other in understanding them well. Co education can make boys and girls competitive with each other in studies. Both can try to learn more and do better in discussions and examinations. Co education can save some institutions and can save money and in such a developing country like Pakistan. At present, Pakistani govt. is not in the position to afford electricity for separate institutions for girls. Yet, co education has some disadvantages. First, it is totally against our religion. The system of co-education is not good in the Islamic States of the world. This system has been produced by the non-Muslim states. The concept of Hijab is not there, but in our religion Islam, Hijab (parda) is clearly ordered as presented in the Holy Quran in Surah Nisa. Meeting, talks, relations and other non-islamic tasks between the males and females (Muslim na-mahram) is prohibited in Islam. † A famous Hadith, When a na- mahram man and woman are standing alone, the third one is evil (Ebleese) among them. Finally, I will conclude that coeducation has some advantages as well as disadvantages. It is necessary to make a proper use of co education in our institutions of higher learning. It is possible to get the benefits of co education and avoid most of the disadvantages.

The Antiwar Movement During the Vietnam War :: Vietnam War Essays

The Antiwar Movement in the U.S. - End the War in Vietnam! The antiwar movement against Vietnam in the US from 1965-1971 was the most significant movement of its kind in the nation's history. The United States first became directly involved in Vietnam in 1950 when President Harry Truman started to underwrite the costs of France's war against the Viet Minh. Later, the presidencies of Dwight Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy increased the US's political, economic, and military commitments steadily throughout the fifties and early sixties in the Indochina region. Prominent senators had already begun criticizing American involvement in Vietnam during the summer of 1964, which led to the mass antiwar movement that was to appear in the summer of 1965. This antiwar movement had a great impact on policy and practically forced the US out of Vietnam. Starting with teach-ins during the spring of 1965, the massive antiwar efforts centered on the colleges, with the students playing leading roles. These teach-ins were mass public demonstrations, usually held in the spring and fall seasons. By 1968, protesters numbered almost seven million with more than half being white youths in college. The teach-in movement was at first, a gentle approach to the antiwar activity. Although, it faded when the college students went home during the summer of 1965, other types of protest that grew through 1971 soon replaced it. All of these movements captured the attention of the White House, especially when 25,000 people marched on Washington Avenue. And at times these movements attracted the interest of all the big decision-makers and their advisors (Gettleman, 54). The teach-ins began at the University of Michigan on March 24, 1965, and spread to other campuses, including Wisconsin on April 1. These protests at some of America's finest universities captured public attention. The Demonstrations were one form of attempting to go beyond mere words and research and reason, and to put direct pressure on those who were conducting policy in apparent disdain for the will expressed by the voters (Spector, 30-31). Within the US government, some saw these teach-ins as an important development that might slow down on further escalation in Vietnam. Although several hundred colleges experienced teach-ins, most campuses were untouched by this circumstance. Nevertheless, the teach-ins did concern the administration and contributed to President Johnson's decision to present a major Vietnam address at Johns Hopkins University on April 7, 1965. The address tried to respond to the teach-ins campus protest activity.

History of Internet Essay -- essays research papers

Without a doubt, the Internet is undergoing a major transition as it experiences a tremendous influx of new users. Due to the anarchic, distributed nature of the net, we cannot even begin to enumerate the population of the Internet or its growth. As more of the world's population moves on-line, new concerns will arise which did not confront the earlier generations. The new culture will demand different resources, services and technology than the old generations expected and used. Already we can witness a clash between the emergent culture and the entrenched culture. The largest conflicts occurring now are about sharing resources, the impending commercialization of the net, and the growing problem of computer crime. The Internet was born in the union of government and researchers, and for two decades afterwards remained mostly the realm of those two groups. The net began as ARPANET, the Advanced Research Projects Agency Net, designed to be decentralized to sustain operations through a nuclear attack. This nature persists today in the resilience of the net, both technologically and in its culture. ARPANET was phased out in 1990 and the net backbone was taken over by NSFNET (National Science Foundation). Since 1969 the main users of cyberspace have been involved in research or in the university community as computer experts or hackers, exploring the limitations and capabilities of this new technology. These people formed a cohesive community with many of the same goals and ethics. In addition to the homogeneity of the net, the small size contributed to a strong feeling of community. There has been some conflict between the hackers and the researchers over sharing resources, and philosophies about security and privacy, but on the whole, the two groups have co-existed without major incident. The newest of the members of the so-called old generation are the university users who are not involved in research work on the net. Generally these are the students using the net for email, reading netnews and participating in interactive real-time conversations through talk, telnet or irc. This wave of people integrated smoothly with the community as it existed. Still sharing the common research and education orientation, the community remained cohesive and the culture did not change much, perhaps it only expanded in the more playful areas. These users did not compete ... ...go. For many centuries after writing began, this skill was left in the hands of the educated elite - mainly the church servants. When literacy finally came to the majority of the middle class and some of the lower class, the Renaissance began. Similarly, we are witnessing the opening of a new medium of information to the general populace, and we can only guess at the outcome. References 1.Brandt, Daniel. Cyberspace Wars: Microprocessing vs. Big Brother. NameBase NewsLine, No. 2, July-August 1993. 2.Response from Canter&Siegel's net access providers April 1994 3.Dern, Daniel. ``Myth or Menace? A History of Business on the Net.'' Internet World July/August 1994 pp 96-98. 4.Elmer-Dewitt, Philip. ``Battle for the Soul of the Internet.'' Time Magazine, July 25, 1994 pp 50-56. 5.Hardy, Henry. History of the Net 6.Hirsh, Robert. AOL FTP Access Oct 13, 1994. 7.US State of MD gopher site 8.Meyer, Gordon. The Social Organization of the Computer Underground. August 1989 9.Otto, Justin. post to alt.netcom.conspiracy Aug 9, 1994. 10.Townson, Patrick. MCI Employee Cearged TELECOM Digest V14 #385 11.Taylor, Roger. ``Brave New Internet.'' Internet World, September 1994 pp 36-42.

Rise of Stalin

Essay Topic: â€Å"People can be swept along by events, whilst others use events to their advantage† How accurate is this statement in relation to the rise of power of either Joseph Stalin or Benito Mussolini? Joseph Stalin’s rise to power in relation to the statement â€Å"People can be swept along by events, whilst others use events to their advantage† is that of the latter when taking a look at how he was able to rise to the position of dictator of the Soviet Union.Stalin meticulously plotted his way into power using influential events, such as the occurrence of his promotion to General Secretary in which he displayed political skills to manipulate political situations, and also the influential post of liaising between Lenin and the Politburo with great success. Though his ascent to the leadership of the Soviet Union was neither easy nor inevitable, Stalin’s success was not an accident. He had tactics in place to gain the position, and Lenin’s de ath was the most major of all events that Stalin used to his advantage to take power.Relative to the statement, Stalin climbed the political ranks by being a loyal supporter and member to the Bolshevik party. Stalin, born in Georgia, and educated at Tiflis Theological College until he was expelled in 1899 for his revolutionary ideas, had joined Lenin's party as early as 1903 and thus was one of the Old Guard among Bolsheviks. To begin with, Stalin was one of Lenin’s favourites, and in 1912, Lenin, appointed him to serve on the first Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party. SparkNotes, 27/2/13) Stalin worked his way up the political ranks of the communist Bolshevik Party, gaining respect for doing many of the dirty jobs that no-one else wanted such as robbing banks to fund the Bolshevik Party . Between 1917 and 1922, Lenin gave Stalin three key jobs, People’s Commissar for Nationalities, Head of Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspectorate, and Liaison Officer whi ch gave him a position of some importance amongst the party. However, in 1922, what can now be described as his most influential appointment to occur, Stalin was chosen to be General Secretary of the Communist Party. JohndClare, 27/2/13) His appointment to General Secretary was the most important occurrence in the buildup to Stalin’s battle for power as was the view of British Marxist Historian Edward Carr, who believed the rise of Stalin was due to the Party and the post as General Secretary. At the time this event appeared insignificant, most members in the party saw the job as quite dull and unimportant, but Stalin used it to his advantage with great success. (JohndClare, 1/3/13) The position gave him benefits which allowed him to influence the direction of the Communist Party.The General Secretary position gave Stalin the power to expel or appoint people to posts, and control membership, therefore allowing Stalin to surround himself in the party with his supporters and re move those loyal to his enemies. He had accumulated enormous power into his hands. However, by 1923 Lenin’s thoughts had differed, he had become worried about Stalin, describing him as too brutal and self-serving â€Å"†¦ I am not sure that he will always know how to use that power with sufficient caution. † Fortunately for Stalin, he remained General Secretary until and beyond Lenin’s death.Without the post, Stalin would have found it near impossible to gain enough supporters and authority in order to rise to the heights of power. (Reed, 1967) Stalin was an opportunist, and the deterioration and then death of Lenin surfaced the important question as to who would succeed him. When Lenin died, it created a confused and uncertain atmosphere to the party, however, Stalin was ready. Not only had Stalin claimed to be the true heir of the master’s legacy at Lenin’s funeral, but he also used Lenin’s death to emulate the glow of Lenin’s achievements by skilfully manipulating the dead leader’s legacy for his own ends. Suite101, 4/3/13) This event provided the chance for Stalin to ride on the movement of popular enthusiasm for Lenin and his accomplishments. Though, despite having an accomplished political position, and having effectively executed his tactics of surrounding himself with his supporters, Stalin’s quest for power was hampered by the revelation in Lenin’s Testament â€Å"I suggest the comrades think about a way of removing Stalin from that post and appointing another man. † Through this revelation, Lenin’s death was the time for Stalin to put his plans into practice.Succession of Lenin would be achieved at the defeat of his insufficient political rivals. He would do this by out-manoeuvring them through political brilliance and ruthlessness. Everybody expected Trotsky the incredible leader of the Red Army would take over the leadership. (Reed, 1967) Stalin and Trotsky wer e therefore in competition for leadership as Trotsky was his main challenge. Their rivalry moved from relatively minor antagonisms and jealousies to bitter competition for the role of Lenin's successor. (Pereira, 1992) Stalin furthermore used his additional jobs such as networking between Lenin and the Politburo when Lenin was ill.This meant that he controlled access to Lenin, and in doing so was able to send Trotsky the wrong date for Lenin’s funeral. Trotsky’s noted absence from Lenin’s funeral resulted in him being depicted as an arrogant character, and consequently Trotsky’s colleagues overlooked his excellent leadership for his big-headed attitude. Stalin therefore formed an alliance with left wing Zinoviev and Kamenev to cover up Lenin’s testament and get Trotsky dismissed in 1925. He then jumped ships to rightist side and encouraged ‘Socialism in one country’ as opposed to ‘World Socialism’ which resulted in the dis missal of Zinoviev and Kamenev.Lastly, he used the General Secretary position to argue that the New Economic Policy was against communism, leading to the dismissal of the right wing Bukharin, Rykov and Tomsky. (JohndClare, 5/3/13) Stalin’s political cleverness was the difference between him and his rivals as viewed by historian Chris Ward, â€Å"Trotsky and Bukharin might win the argument, but Stalin invariably won the vote†. Stalin had longed to be a hero and leader, (Reed, 1967) so he used everything he had to his greatest advantage â€Å"He’s not an intellectual like the other people you will meet †¦ but he knows what he wants.He’s got willpower, and he’s going to be on top of the pile someday† as viewed in Author John Reed’s seemingly accurate prediction on the outcome of Stalin. (Reed, 1919, 96) Stalin gained office after office, as he climbed the political ladder, though not until 1929 had he consolidated his position as he ad of the Communist Party. His ambition and highly calculated approach was a major factor to securing power. Though most importantly, his ascent to leadership was based on the various positions he held in the party and his ability to use them as an edge over his opponents with great skill at the death of his predecessor.His desire to become leader of the Soviet Union was developed by his appointment to General Secretary. However, the death of Lenin opened the door for opportunity. Stalin was an opportunist. He was able to rise to the power how he did because he recognised the importance of each event as they came, and used them to his own advantage. Bibliography: Internet * Stalin Takes Power, accessed 28. 2. 13 http://www. johndclare. net/Russ9. htm * Brett Reed,  European History, 1967, accessed 28. 2. 13 http://www. johndclare. net/Russ_Rev_Brett. htm Infoplease, The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Copyright  © 2011, Columbia University Press, http://www. infoplease. com/en cyclopedia/people/stalin-joseph-vissarionovich-rise-to-power. html * SparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote on Joseph Stalin. † 2005. http://www. sparknotes. com/biography/stalin/ accessed February 27. 2. 13 * Moreorless, Joseph Stalin, Last modified 21 January 2013, accessed 4. 3. 13 http://www. moreorless. au. com/killers/stalin. html * Alan Kinghorn, Suite101, January 30 2011, accessed 4. 3. 13 http://suite101. om/article/stalin-and-the-battle-to-succeed-lenin-a340177 * Norman Pereira, HistoryToday, Stalin and the communist Party in the 1920s, Published 1992, Viewed 9. 3. 13, http://www. historytoday. com/norman-pereira/stalin-and-communist-party-1920s Books * Josh Brooman, 1994, Russia and the USSR: Empire of Revolution, Longman Group Limited, Essex * John Reed, 1919, Ten Days that shook the World, 1919, Boni & Liveright, New York * Dean Smart, 1998, Russia under Lenin and Stalin, Stanley Thornes, Ellenborough * Steve Phillips, 2000, Lenin and the Russian Revolution, Heinema nn